AI Analysis

Log in to generate an AI summary for this stock.

Log in to generate a MOAT report for this stock.

Log in to generate an earnings report for this stock.

Log in to generate an operating leverage report for this stock.

Log in to generate a management report for this stock.

Log in to generate a valuation report for this stock.

Lennar Corporation

$79.6 -$24.62 (-23.62%)
NYSE · 11 Sep 2026 20:00 UTC
Previous Close
$77.9
Day Range
$78.69$80.5
Year Range
$76.63$139.44
Market Cap
19.76B
AVG Volume
2.64M
Trailing/Forward PE
12.46/12.49
PEG ratio
0.76
Dividend Yield
2.51%
Next Earnings Date
2026-09-16
Primary Exchange
New York Stock ExchangeUS
Revenue (USD)
02.5B5B7.5B10B24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Revenue (USD) by quarter
PeriodRevenue (USD)
26 Q27.94B
26 Q16.62B
25 Q49.37B
25 Q38.81B
25 Q28.38B
25 Q17.63B
24 Q49.95B
24 Q39.42B
24 Q28.77B
24 Q17.31B
Net Income (USD)
0500M1B1.5B24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Net Income (USD) by quarter
PeriodNet Income (USD)
26 Q2308.13M
26 Q1229.38M
25 Q4490.24M
25 Q3590.97M
25 Q2477.45M
25 Q1519.53M
24 Q41.1B
24 Q31.16B
24 Q2954.31M
24 Q1719.33M
Operating Income (USD)
0500M1B1.5B24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Operating Income (USD) by quarter
PeriodOperating Income (USD)
26 Q2348.43M
26 Q1233.06M
25 Q4666.96M
25 Q3721.2M
25 Q2648.58M
25 Q1713.67M
24 Q41.39B
24 Q31.31B
24 Q21.24B
24 Q1917.89M
EBITDA (USD)
0500M1B1.5B2B24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN EBITDA (USD) by quarter
PeriodEBITDA (USD)
26 Q2468.47M
26 Q1335.84M
25 Q4718.02M
25 Q3824.87M
25 Q2675.71M
25 Q1729.57M
24 Q41.49B
24 Q31.56B
24 Q21.29B
24 Q1957.92M
Cash Flows (USD)
-2B-1B01B2B24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Cash Flows (USD) by quarter
PeriodCash Flows (USD)
26 Q2-303.24M
26 Q1-358.5M
25 Q41.67B
25 Q3-190.78M
25 Q2-1.11B
25 Q1-345.08M
24 Q4933.14M
24 Q3800.84M
24 Q2202.95M
24 Q1294.94M
EPS (USD)
024624 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN EPS (USD) by quarter
PeriodEPS (USD)
26 Q21.23
26 Q10.94
25 Q41.93
25 Q32.29
25 Q21.81
25 Q11.96
24 Q44.06
24 Q34.26
24 Q23.45
24 Q12.57
Expenses (USD)
0100M200M300MSG&ACapex24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Expenses (USD) by quarter
PeriodExpenses (USD)
26 Q2155M
26 Q1187.63M
25 Q4247.29M
25 Q3203.56M
25 Q2171.07M
25 Q1203.42M
24 Q4211.38M
24 Q3183.08M
24 Q2195.79M
24 Q1230.25M
Cash & Debt (USD)
02B4B6B8BCashLong Term DebtShort Term Debt24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Cash & Debt (USD) by quarter
PeriodCash & Debt (USD)
26 Q21.82B
26 Q12.09B
25 Q43.8B
25 Q31.73B
25 Q21.46B
25 Q12.57B
24 Q44.98B
24 Q34.3B
24 Q23.91B
24 Q15.25B
Debt ratios
-0.500.511.5224 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Debt ratios by quarter
PeriodDebt ratios
26 Q21.87
26 Q10.87
25 Q40.85
25 Q31.06
25 Q20.68
25 Q10.26
24 Q4-0.1
24 Q3-0.04
24 Q2-0.02
24 Q1-0.13
Margins
0%5%10%15%20%24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Margins by quarter
PeriodMargins
26 Q26.18%
26 Q15.9%
25 Q48.85%
25 Q310.13%
25 Q29.6%
25 Q111.28%
24 Q415.64%
24 Q315.64%
24 Q215.92%
24 Q114.7%
Return on Capital
0%2%4%6%24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Return on Capital by quarter
PeriodReturn on Capital
26 Q21.42%
26 Q11.04%
25 Q42.21%
25 Q32.6%
25 Q22.1%
25 Q12.27%
24 Q43.91%
24 Q34.22%
24 Q23.53%
24 Q12.69%
Shares Outstanding
0100M200M300M24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Shares Outstanding by quarter
PeriodShares Outstanding
26 Q2242.61M
26 Q1244.44M
25 Q4252.36M
25 Q3255.6M
25 Q2261.51M
25 Q1262.73M
24 Q4267.26M
24 Q3270.16M
24 Q2273.7M
24 Q1276.95M
Dividends (USD)
00.20.40.6Apr 24Jul 24Oct 24Jan 25Apr 25Jul 25Oct 25Feb 26Apr 26Jul 26
LEN Dividends (USD) by quarter
PeriodDividends (USD)
Jul 260.5
Apr 260.5
Feb 260.5
Oct 250.5
Jul 250.5
Apr 250.5
Jan 250.5
Oct 240.48
Jul 240.48
Apr 240.48
Employee Count
05K10K15K2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
LEN Employee Count by quarter
PeriodEmployee Count
202512.53K
202413.27K
202312.28K
202212.01K
202110.75K
20209.49K
201910.11K
201811.63K
20179.11K
20168.34K
Book Value Per Share (USD)
05010015024 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Book Value Per Share (USD) by quarter
PeriodBook Value Per Share (USD)
26 Q289.72
26 Q190.13
25 Q487.73
25 Q389.01
25 Q286.93
25 Q187.04
24 Q4104.85
24 Q3102
24 Q298.7
24 Q196.69
Total Assets (USD)
020B40B60B24 Q124 Q224 Q324 Q425 Q125 Q225 Q325 Q426 Q126 Q2
LEN Total Assets (USD) by quarter
PeriodTotal Assets (USD)
26 Q233.7B
26 Q133.21B
25 Q434.43B
25 Q334.88B
25 Q234.37B
25 Q134.99B
24 Q441.31B
24 Q339.74B
24 Q238.67B
24 Q138.95B
PE Ratio
57.51012.515med 10.98Dec 24Apr 25Jul 25Oct 25Feb 26May 26Sep 26
LEN PE Ratio by quarter
PeriodPE Ratio
Sep 2611.93
Sep 2612.53
Aug 2612.94
Aug 2613.04
Aug 2613.01
Aug 2613.22
Jul 2612.34
Jul 2612.69
Jul 2612.57
Jul 2612.63
Jul 2613.22
Jun 2612.78
Jun 2612.27
Jun 2612.34
Jun 2612.37
May 2612.27
May 2612.15
May 2611.25
May 2612.08
May 2612.09
Apr 2612.86
Apr 2612.69
Apr 2612.16
Apr 2610.5
Mar 2610.96
Mar 2611
Mar 2611.53
Mar 2612.29
Feb 2613.89
Feb 2614.14
Feb 2614.85
Feb 2613.85
Jan 2613.28
Jan 2610.65
Jan 2611.29
Jan 2611.36
Jan 269.92
Dec 259.99
Dec 2510.28
Dec 2511.37
Dec 2511.8
Nov 2512.5
Nov 2511.73
Nov 2511.53
Nov 2511.57
Oct 2511.79
Oct 2512.15
Oct 2511.98
Oct 2511.31
Oct 2512.39
Sep 2510.12
Sep 2510.23
Sep 2511.03
Sep 2511.4
Aug 2510.69
Aug 2510.9
Aug 2510.6
Aug 259.71
Aug 259.32
Jul 259.26
Jul 258.8
Jul 259.15
Jul 258.84
Jun 257.76
Jun 257.49
Jun 257.64
Jun 257.64
May 257.47
May 257.4
May 257.87
May 257.65
May 257.76
Apr 257.58
Apr 257.37
Apr 257.41
Apr 257.81
Mar 256.66
Mar 256.73
Mar 256.9
Mar 257.31
Feb 256.99
Feb 257.04
Feb 257.24
Feb 257.12
Jan 257.67
Jan 257.73
Jan 259.11
Jan 258.34
Jan 258.75
Dec 248.83
Dec 248.89
Dec 249.94
Dec 2410.52
Nov 2411.22
Nov 2410.89
Nov 2410.87
Nov 2411.11
Nov 2410.92
Oct 2411.15
Oct 2412.16
Free Cash Flow Yield
-5%0%5%10%15%med 0.95%Dec 24Apr 25Jul 25Oct 25Feb 26May 26Sep 26
LEN Free Cash Flow Yield by quarter
PeriodFree Cash Flow Yield
Sep 264.26%
Sep 264.05%
Aug 263.92%
Aug 263.89%
Aug 263.9%
Aug 263.84%
Jul 264.11%
Jul 264%
Jul 264.04%
Jul 264.02%
Jul 263.84%
Jun 260.06%
Jun 260.07%
Jun 260.07%
Jun 260.07%
May 260.07%
May 260.07%
May 260.07%
May 260.07%
May 260.07%
Apr 260.06%
Apr 260.07%
Apr 260.07%
Apr 260.13%
Mar 260.12%
Mar 260.12%
Mar 260.12%
Mar 260.11%
Feb 260.1%
Feb 260.1%
Feb 260.09%
Feb 260.1%
Jan 260.1%
Jan 26-2.49%
Jan 26-2.35%
Jan 26-2.34%
Jan 26-2.68%
Dec 25-2.66%
Dec 25-2.58%
Dec 25-2.34%
Dec 25-2.25%
Nov 25-2.12%
Nov 25-2.26%
Nov 25-2.3%
Nov 25-2.29%
Oct 25-2.25%
Oct 25-2.19%
Oct 25-2.22%
Oct 25-2.35%
Oct 25-2.14%
Sep 250.85%
Sep 250.84%
Sep 250.78%
Sep 250.75%
Aug 250.8%
Aug 250.78%
Aug 250.81%
Aug 250.88%
Aug 250.92%
Jul 250.92%
Jul 250.97%
Jul 250.94%
Jul 250.97%
Jun 255.5%
Jun 255.69%
Jun 255.58%
Jun 255.58%
May 255.71%
May 255.76%
May 255.42%
May 255.58%
May 255.5%
Apr 255.63%
Apr 255.79%
Apr 255.76%
Apr 255.46%
Mar 2514.71%
Mar 2514.55%
Mar 2514.19%
Mar 2513.39%
Feb 2514.01%
Feb 2513.9%
Feb 2513.54%
Feb 2513.75%
Jan 2512.77%
Jan 2512.66%
Jan 2510.05%
Jan 2510.98%
Jan 2510.47%
Dec 2410.37%
Dec 2410.3%
Dec 249.21%
Dec 248.7%
Nov 248.15%
Nov 248.41%
Nov 248.42%
Nov 248.24%
Nov 248.38%
Oct 248.21%
Oct 247.53%
Price to Sales
0.50.7511.251.5med 0.82Dec 24Apr 25Jul 25Oct 25Feb 26May 26Sep 26
LEN Price to Sales by quarter
PeriodPrice to Sales
Sep 260.59
Sep 260.62
Aug 260.64
Aug 260.64
Aug 260.64
Aug 260.65
Jul 260.61
Jul 260.63
Jul 260.62
Jul 260.62
Jul 260.65
Jun 260.69
Jun 260.66
Jun 260.67
Jun 260.67
May 260.66
May 260.65
May 260.61
May 260.65
May 260.65
Apr 260.69
Apr 260.68
Apr 260.66
Apr 260.64
Mar 260.67
Mar 260.67
Mar 260.7
Mar 260.75
Feb 260.84
Feb 260.86
Feb 260.9
Feb 260.84
Jan 260.81
Jan 260.82
Jan 260.87
Jan 260.88
Jan 260.77
Dec 250.77
Dec 250.79
Dec 250.88
Dec 250.91
Nov 250.97
Nov 250.91
Nov 250.89
Nov 250.89
Oct 250.91
Oct 250.94
Oct 250.93
Oct 250.87
Oct 250.96
Sep 250.93
Sep 250.94
Sep 251.01
Sep 251.05
Aug 250.98
Aug 251
Aug 250.98
Aug 250.89
Aug 250.86
Jul 250.85
Jul 250.81
Jul 250.84
Jul 250.81
Jun 250.81
Jun 250.78
Jun 250.8
Jun 250.8
May 250.78
May 250.77
May 250.82
May 250.8
May 250.81
Apr 250.79
Apr 250.77
Apr 250.77
Apr 250.82
Mar 250.78
Mar 250.79
Mar 250.81
Mar 250.86
Feb 250.82
Feb 250.82
Feb 250.85
Feb 250.83
Jan 250.9
Jan 250.9
Jan 251.05
Jan 250.96
Jan 251.01
Dec 241.02
Dec 241.02
Dec 241.14
Dec 241.21
Nov 241.29
Nov 241.25
Nov 241.25
Nov 241.28
Nov 241.26
Oct 241.28
Oct 241.4
EV/EBITDA
4681012med 8.53Dec 24Apr 25Jul 25Oct 25Feb 26May 26Sep 26
LEN EV/EBITDA by quarter
PeriodEV/EBITDA
Sep 2610.09
Sep 2610.51
Aug 2610.79
Aug 2610.86
Aug 2610.84
Aug 2610.98
Jul 2610.38
Jul 2610.62
Jul 2610.54
Jul 2610.58
Jul 2610.98
Jun 269.82
Jun 269.46
Jun 269.51
Jun 269.53
May 269.46
May 269.38
May 268.75
May 269.33
May 269.34
Apr 269.87
Apr 269.75
Apr 269.39
Apr 268.26
Mar 268.58
Mar 268.6
Mar 268.98
Mar 269.51
Feb 2610.64
Feb 2610.82
Feb 2611.32
Feb 2610.61
Jan 2610.21
Jan 268.74
Jan 269.2
Jan 269.24
Jan 268.21
Dec 258.26
Dec 258.47
Dec 259.25
Dec 259.56
Nov 2510.07
Nov 259.51
Nov 259.37
Nov 259.4
Oct 259.55
Oct 259.82
Oct 259.7
Oct 259.21
Oct 259.99
Sep 258.06
Sep 258.14
Sep 258.72
Sep 258.99
Aug 258.48
Aug 258.63
Aug 258.41
Aug 257.76
Aug 257.47
Jul 257.43
Jul 257.1
Jul 257.35
Jul 257.13
Jun 255.96
Jun 255.76
Jun 255.88
Jun 255.87
May 255.75
May 255.7
May 256.05
May 255.88
May 255.96
Apr 255.83
Apr 255.68
Apr 255.7
Apr 256
Mar 254.73
Mar 254.78
Mar 254.9
Mar 255.2
Feb 254.97
Feb 255.01
Feb 255.14
Feb 255.06
Jan 255.46
Jan 255.5
Jan 256.55
Jan 255.99
Jan 256.29
Dec 246.35
Dec 246.39
Dec 247.15
Dec 247.57
Nov 248.08
Nov 247.84
Nov 247.82
Nov 248
Nov 247.86
Oct 248.03
Oct 248.76
Price/Operating Cashflow
050100150med 16.46Aug 24Dec 24Mar 25Jul 25Feb 26May 26Sep 26
LEN Price/Operating Cashflow by quarter
PeriodPrice/Operating Cashflow
Sep 2619.55
Sep 2620.52
Aug 2621.2
Aug 2621.37
Aug 2621.32
Aug 2621.65
Jul 2620.22
Jul 2620.78
Jul 2620.6
Jul 2620.69
Jul 2621.66
Jun 26128.9
Jun 26123.67
Jun 26124.46
Jun 26124.72
May 26123.74
May 26122.47
May 26113.43
May 26121.81
May 26121.91
Apr 26129.63
Apr 26127.89
Apr 26122.62
Apr 26100.67
Mar 26105.05
Mar 26105.4
Mar 26110.53
Mar 26117.76
Feb 26133.11
Feb 26135.56
Feb 26142.33
Feb 26132.72
Jan 26127.28
Sep 2580.45
Sep 2581.27
Sep 2587.62
Sep 2590.56
Aug 2584.99
Aug 2586.65
Aug 2584.23
Aug 2577.14
Aug 2574.03
Jul 2573.62
Jul 2569.94
Jul 2572.74
Jul 2570.29
Jun 2516.58
Jun 2516.01
Jun 2516.34
Jun 2516.33
May 2515.96
May 2515.82
May 2516.83
May 2516.34
May 2516.58
Apr 2516.19
Apr 2515.76
Apr 2515.83
Apr 2516.7
Mar 256.58
Mar 256.66
Mar 256.83
Mar 257.23
Feb 256.91
Feb 256.97
Feb 257.16
Feb 257.05
Jan 257.58
Jan 257.65
Jan 259.52
Jan 258.71
Jan 259.14
Dec 249.22
Dec 249.28
Dec 2410.38
Dec 2410.99
Nov 2411.73
Nov 2411.37
Nov 2411.35
Nov 2411.6
Nov 2411.41
Oct 2411.65
Oct 2412.7
Oct 2411.98
Oct 2412.25
Sep 2412.33
Sep 2412.01
Sep 2412.26
Sep 2411.83
Aug 2412.01
Aug 2412.2
Aug 2411.33
Aug 2411.19
Aug 2411.5
Jul 2411.65
Jul 2411.27
Jul 2410.54
Jul 249.41
Jun 249.88
Jun 249.27
Price to Book
0.7511.251.51.752med 1.25Dec 24Apr 25Jul 25Oct 25Feb 26May 26Sep 26
LEN Price to Book by quarter
PeriodPrice to Book
Sep 260.89
Sep 260.93
Aug 260.96
Aug 260.97
Aug 260.97
Aug 260.98
Jul 260.92
Jul 260.94
Jul 260.94
Jul 260.94
Jul 260.98
Jun 261.04
Jun 261
Jun 261
Jun 261
May 261
May 260.99
May 260.91
May 260.98
May 260.98
Apr 261.04
Apr 261.03
Apr 260.99
Apr 260.99
Mar 261.03
Mar 261.03
Mar 261.08
Mar 261.15
Feb 261.3
Feb 261.33
Feb 261.39
Feb 261.3
Jan 261.25
Jan 261.26
Jan 261.33
Jan 261.34
Jan 261.17
Dec 251.18
Dec 251.21
Dec 251.34
Dec 251.39
Nov 251.48
Nov 251.38
Nov 251.36
Nov 251.37
Oct 251.39
Oct 251.43
Oct 251.41
Oct 251.33
Oct 251.46
Sep 251.45
Sep 251.46
Sep 251.58
Sep 251.63
Aug 251.53
Aug 251.56
Aug 251.52
Aug 251.39
Aug 251.33
Jul 251.33
Jul 251.26
Jul 251.31
Jul 251.27
Jun 251.27
Jun 251.22
Jun 251.25
Jun 251.25
May 251.22
May 251.21
May 251.29
May 251.25
May 251.27
Apr 251.24
Apr 251.2
Apr 251.21
Apr 251.28
Mar 251.09
Mar 251.1
Mar 251.13
Mar 251.19
Feb 251.14
Feb 251.15
Feb 251.18
Feb 251.16
Jan 251.25
Jan 251.26
Jan 251.39
Jan 251.27
Jan 251.33
Dec 241.34
Dec 241.35
Dec 241.51
Dec 241.6
Nov 241.71
Nov 241.66
Nov 241.66
Nov 241.69
Nov 241.66
Oct 241.7
Oct 241.85
Lennar Corporation
LEN
Stockpicker

Video analysis: LEN

All videos

No video analysis for this stock yet. Request one from our team.

Your email is used only to follow up on this request. We do not add you to marketing lists. Privacy Policy

News: LEN

How To Earn $500 A Month From Lennar Stock Ahead Of Q3 Earnings

benzinga.com · 11 Sep 2026

How To Earn $500 A Month From Lennar Stock Ahead Of Q3 Earnings

Lennar Corporation (NYSE:LEN) will release its third-quarter earnings report after the closing bell on Wednesday, Sept. 16.

Lennar Q3 Earnings Preview: The Bridge Is Swaying

seekingalpha.com · 11 Sep 2026

Lennar Q3 Earnings Preview: The Bridge Is Swaying

Lennar maintains a Buy rating, supported by Berkshire Hathaway's increasing stake and a resilient, asset-light balance sheet. Berkshire's position in LEN grew by 30% in Q2, while its outright acquisition of Taylor Morrison signals deepened conviction in homebuilding. LEN's Q2 saw gross margins improve to 15.6% and sales incentives decline to 12.9%, but revenue and volume guidance were cut amid rising mortgage rates.

‘That Could Result in a Rate Hike as Soon as Next Week’: Schwab Strategist on Friday’s CPI

247wallst.com · 11 Sep 2026

‘That Could Result in a Rate Hike as Soon as Next Week’: Schwab Strategist on Friday’s CPI

A Schwab fixed-income strategist and a Wharton finance professor are both saying the same unsettling thing about next week's Fed meeting, and Friday's CPI report could make their case impossible to ignore.

Analysts Estimate Lennar (LEN) to Report a Decline in Earnings: What to Look Out for

zacks.com · 9 Sep 2026

Analysts Estimate Lennar (LEN) to Report a Decline in Earnings: What to Look Out for

Lennar (LEN) doesn't possess the right combination of the two key ingredients for a likely earnings beat in its upcoming report. Get prepared with the key expectations.

Lennar (LEN) Projected to Post Earnings on Wednesday

defenseworld.net · 9 Sep 2026

Lennar (LEN) Projected to Post Earnings on Wednesday

Lennar (NYSE: LEN - Get Free Report) is expected to release its Q3 2026 results after the market closes on Wednesday, September 16th. Analysts expect Lennar to post earnings of $1.29 per share and revenue of $8.3069 billion for the quarter. Interested persons may visit the the company's upcoming Q3 2026 earning results page for the

Lennar (LEN) Registers a Bigger Fall Than the Market: Important Facts to Note

zacks.com · 8 Sep 2026

Lennar (LEN) Registers a Bigger Fall Than the Market: Important Facts to Note

In the closing of the recent trading day, Lennar (LEN) stood at $80.37, denoting a -3.84% move from the preceding trading day.

Is Lennar Corp (LEN) a Bargain After 3.8% Drop? GF Value Says Undervalued

gurufocus.com · 8 Sep 2026

Is Lennar Corp (LEN) a Bargain After 3.8% Drop? GF Value Says Undervalued

Valuation Assessment of Lennar Corp (LEN)On September 08, 2026, Lennar Corp (LEN) shares fell 3.8%, closing at $80.37. The stock has experienced significant vol

Lennar: Below Book Value Ahead Of Q3 Earnings

seekingalpha.com · 8 Sep 2026

Lennar: Below Book Value Ahead Of Q3 Earnings

Lennar Corporation is trading at a deep discount, 12% below its 200-day SMA and at 0.98x P/B, amid widespread sector downgrades. Despite weaker ROE (7.24%) and ROIC (5.83%) versus D.R. Horton, LEN is seeing substantial institutional accumulation in dark pools near its lows. LEN's low debt/equity ratio (0.29) and 2.28% yield support a patient holding strategy while the market remains bearish.

Similar companies

Disclaimer: The historical data presented on this platform is provided by Financial Modeling Prep. Stock Picker is a platform for informational purposes only and does not provide financial advice. Users are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.